Japanese Garden 1. Historical Evolution - 592-628 AD: Empress Suiko - Rocks - Water - Trees - Plants - 646-794 AD: Nara - Chinese Influence - Birds - Animals - Fishes - 794-1185 AD: Heian - Korean Architecture Influence - Open Space - Pond with Island - Hill - Stream of Water - 1185-1392 AD: Buddhist Influence - Silk Route - Flat Gardens (Hira-niwa) - Stones - Trees - Ground Adjoining Stairs - 1603-1867 AD - Large Lakes - Islands - Surrounding Paths 2. Characteristics - Nature in Miniature - Enables Meditation - Harmony with Nature - Appears Casual but Planned - Beautiful in Winter 3. Features of Japanese Gardens - Pond - Streams - Waterfalls - Fountains - Wells - Islands - Bridges - Stones - Stone Lanterns - Pagoda - Fences & Gates 4. Key Features - Nature Recreated in Miniature - Aids Meditation - Avoids Distracting Colors - Informal Design 5. Styles of Japanese Gardens - Pond Garden - Paradise Garden - Hermitage Garden - Dry Rock Garden (Zen Gardens)