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classification of G.C. Ainsworth (1973)


Introduction to Fungi

The fungi (singular, fungus) include several thousand species of eukaryotic, spore bearing organisms that obtain simple organic compounds by absorption. The organisms have no chlorophyll and reproduce by both sexual and asexual means. The fungi are usually filamentous, and their cell walls have chitin. The study of fungi is called mycology, and fungal diseases are called mycoses. Two major groups of organisms make up the fungi. The filamentous fungi are called molds, while the unicellular fungi are called yeasts. The fungi are classified in the kingdom Fungi in the Whittaker five-kingdom system of classification.

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KEY CONCEPTS

1. Kingdom Fungi (the true fungi) is a monophyletic group of eukaryotic heterotrophs that reproduce with spores and have chitinous cell walls. The most familiar fungi are kitchen molds and mushrooms. The kingdom may include 1.5 million species, of which about 80,000 species have been named and described.
2. Some fungi destroy crops and stored food. Others are valuable decomposers or symbionts that cohabit with algae and cyanobacteria or assist plant growth. Baker's yeast is a fungus, and penicillin is a fungal product.
3. Most fungi develop a mycelium, composed of branching threads (hyphae) that collect nutrients and produce reproductive structures. Some fungi have a simpler thallus or live as microscopic unicells (yeasts). Dimorphic fungi make both mycelia and yeasts
 4. Many fungi make asexual spores to multiply and sexual spores for diversity. Exceptions include mushroom fungi, which use sexual spores to multiply, and mitosporic fungi, which have not been observed to reproduce sexually. However, nearly all tested fungi show signs of recent genetic recombination.
 5. Two large phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) contain 95% of named species in kingdom Fungi and are informally called dikaryomycetes because their sexual life cycle has a unique dikaryotic stage. The remaining 5% of named species are divided between three phyla (Glomeromycota, Zygomycota, and Chytridiomycota) and are informally called coenomycetes because their hyphae lack the regular septation found in dikaryomycetes.
6. Kingdom Fungi excludes some organisms that traditionally are called fungi, and adds other organisms that were previously left out. New studies are changing classification within the kingdom.
fungi,structure of fungi
Classification of Fungi
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